Music Science

Healing Music for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Justin Page··9 min read

"Healing music" is a phrase that gets used loosely — often to describe anything slow, soft, or vaguely spiritual. But in the context of treatment-resistant depression and esketamine therapy, healing music has a more specific meaning. It's music that actively supports the therapeutic process, not just music that feels pleasant.

What the research says

Music therapy research — particularly work coming out of psychedelic-assisted therapy trials at Johns Hopkins, NYU, and Imperial College London — has identified a set of musical qualities that consistently support therapeutic outcomes. These trials use music as an active component of treatment, not background noise, and the playlists are carefully designed.

The same principles apply to Spravato® treatment. While esketamine is not a classic psychedelic, it shares the property of increasing neural plasticity and quieting the default mode network — and the music that works best in psychedelic-assisted therapy tends to work well in Spravato® sessions too.

"Healing music isn't just music that feels good. It's music that creates the conditions for the therapeutic process to unfold."

Justin Page, Listening to Spravato®

Four qualities of healing music

Emotional arc

Healing music moves. It doesn't stay in one emotional register — it builds, releases, resolves, and opens again. This arc mirrors the emotional processing that happens during effective therapy: tension, movement, and release. Music that is uniformly calm or uniformly intense doesn't provide this arc.

Harmonic openness

Music with unresolved harmonics — suspended chords, modal scales, open fifths — keeps the mind in a state of gentle anticipation. This is different from tension. It's more like a question held lightly. This quality is common in minimalist classical music, certain jazz, and well-crafted ambient music.

Absence of demand

Healing music doesn't ask anything of you. It doesn't demand that you dance, sing along, follow a beat, or feel a specific emotion. It creates a space and invites you into it. This is why music with strong rhythmic pulse, lyrics, or dramatic dynamic swings can work against the therapeutic process — they make demands.

Timbral richness

The texture of sound matters. Strings, piano, and certain wind instruments have a quality of resonance that seems to activate the body's own emotional processing. Research in music therapy has found that timbral richness — the complexity of a sound's overtone structure — correlates with emotional response more reliably than melody or harmony alone.

The role of the listener

Even the best-chosen music can't do the work alone. The listener's orientation matters. Approaching the music with openness — allowing it to move you rather than analyzing it — is what activates its therapeutic potential. This is sometimes called "music-evoked imagery" in the clinical literature: the music becomes a vehicle for inner experience rather than an object of attention.

For patients with treatment-resistant depression, this can be challenging. Depression often comes with anhedonia — a reduced capacity to feel pleasure or emotional resonance, including from music. If you find yourself unable to connect with the music during early sessions, that's not a failure. It may be part of what the treatment is working on.

Many patients report that their relationship to music shifts over the course of treatment — that music they couldn't feel in early sessions begins to land differently as the treatment progresses. This is one of the most meaningful markers of therapeutic response.

Explore further

Ready to build your healing playlist?

Our free curated playlists are built with these principles in mind — instrumental, emotionally open, and sequenced for the arc of a Spravato® session.

Now available

The Listening to Spravato® Book

Genre guides, session playlists, and the science of music-assisted healing — by Justin Page

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Now available

The Listening to Spravato® Book

By Justin Page — genre guides, session playlists, and the science of music-assisted healing

Get the Book
Listening to Spravato®

A guide to using sound intentionally during Spravato® treatment — for patients, clinicians, and caregivers seeking deeper healing through music.

Not medical advice. Justin Page is a conservatory-trained musician (Manhattan School of Music; Berklee College of Music), Presidential Scholar, and Spravato® patient who has undergone more than 80 documented esketamine treatment sessions. His work on music and esketamine neuroscience has been reviewed by clinical collaborators and submitted to the treatment manufacturer for feedback and verification. Content on this site reflects personal clinical experience, independent research, and ongoing collaboration with licensed mental health professionals — it does not constitute medical advice and is not a substitute for guidance from your prescriber, therapist, or care team. Always consult your treating clinician before making any changes to your treatment protocol.

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